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Veeri Rajesh

In Weight Lossby

Weight Gain in the Historical Context

Weight Loss – General Discussion

In order to fully understand weight loss, it is necessary to first understand the underlying causes of weight gain.

Multiple factors in the modern lifestyle appear to play causal roles in weight gain. Generally speaking, populations in developed countries lead sedentary lives and overconsume calorie-dense foods. In particular, refined carbohydrates negatively impact metabolism and stimulate brain mechanisms, which facilitate weight gain.

As fat tissue mass accumulates, fullness sensors in the brain’s hypothalamus become resistant to insulin and leptin, which leads to increased calorie consumption.

Several behavioral issues further contribute to weight gain, such as eating too quickly, insufficient sleep, high stress levels, and a lack of exercise. Finally, fat tissue accumulation changes the body weight set point, which leads to metabolic changes that resist weight loss efforts. Each of these factors work together to cause weight gain and promote obesity.

Although more than two-thirds of U.S. adults are overweight, almost one-third of the population does maintain proper body weight; so, it is obvious that normal weight an achievable goal well worth pursuing. Obesity puts one at high risk for developing diseases and is therefore a major controllable risk factor.

Any weight loss plan should include avoiding refined carbohydrates and high fat foods and eating large quantities of whole food to achieve and maintain proper weight while still maintaining a sense of fullness.

The most successful weight loss- weight management studies have been those that include a daily exercise regimen. Successful weight loss studies that use weight management supplements also include an exercise program of some type.
 

Weight Gain in the Historical Context

Before the modern era, we had to search for food by hunting, foraging, and farming, which began only about 10,000 years ago. Substantial calories were expended during the laboring process for food as well as building habitats for survival against the elements.

Evolution takes place on a much longer time scale, however. During these early times, calorie-dense foods such as refined carbohydrates, processed and fast foods were unavailable. Humans subsisted on natural foods, such as wild game, fish, fruits and vegetables that they could harvest growing in the wild. The natural selection process that took place over hundreds of thousands of years caused humans to be genetically adapted to be hunter-gatherers, while pursuing game over great distances.

Hunter-gatherers were lean and obesity was a luxury that was virtually nonexistent. Our modern sedentary lifestyle is a strange and unhealthy experience from the perspective of our inherited genetic physiological needs. Weight gain and obesity then can be viewed as an unavoidable consequence when humans switched over, on a relatively short time scale, from an active to a sedentary lifestyle and went on to consume previously unavailable calorie-dense foods.

This is, in fact, what has happened to modern man and is the best overall hypothesis to explain the overweight and obesity global epidemic we are now experiencing.

 

In Uncategorizedby

Consumer Alert: Synthetic Curcumin Warning!

Let us face it. Natural product industry is facing its biggest challenge now. On top of the misguided genomic testing, we are now faced with adulteration of natural products especially Curcumin.

As the dietary supplement industry in general and herbal products specifically experience unprecedented levels of negative media coverage and legal action on a regional level, those of us with a long-term commitment to this industry must exhibit leadership. Those of us who have spent our careers making and selling products to improve the health of our fellow human beings know that those writing and saying dietary supplements are either dangerous, unregulated or have no benefit are mistaken, and most of the criticism is unfounded.

While much of the criticism is based upon bad science or lack of knowledge, such as testing extracts with a method no true expert would ever use, those of us immersed in this industry know that there are vulnerable points, particularly in the ingredient supply chain. I believe that Sabinsa is not alone in being dedicated to providing high quality, science-based products to enhance human health and well being, and I call on like-minded companies and the industry’s trade associations to weed out those companies and practices that undermine quality and erode confidence in the entire industry.

We’ve spoken in the past of the importance of respecting and honoring Intellectual Property, which we believe is essential for continued innovation. Recently we have discovered a new threat that must be stamped out to preserve the integrity of the industry and safety of the products we all make.

We have discovered synthetic Curcumin being sold as Turmeric extract with forged Certificates of Analysis. A company selling Curcumin extract in India for export to the US was adulterating their product with 43% synthetic curcumin, but not revealing the synthetic contents. We have taken legal action against them, and a criminal investigation has been opened, but it is important the entire industry be on the lookout for more of this adulteration. I believe it is far more rampant than we thought.

With Curcumin sales in the US alone growing so quickly, it isn’t surprising that there are those looking to sell cheaper, inferior product into the marketplace, but we believe this deceptive practice threatens the future. Our fear is that there are other botanical extracts that are similarly adulterated. We just don’t know, but it’s likely, and the industry needs to find out.

The obvious questions with synthetic herbs are “what was it synthesized from? What chemicals were used, and in what process? How do you know it is safe for consumption by humans?” Synthetically made materials may have distinctively different pharmacological activities compared to natural products. If a company is selling synthetic Curcumin, and not identifying that some or all of it was synthetically derived, that lack of transparency is not only misleading consumers who think they are taking a product derived from Turmeric root, but has the potential to hurt people.

FDA views synthetic versions of natural botanical compounds as different from the botanical itself, thus a supplier of such material would be required to file an NDI notification with FDA, including proof of safety, for the products to be legally sold in the US.

Synthetic copies are, however, difficult to trace in a product using routine analysis. Plant-derived products can be distinguished from synthetic products by their content of natural carbon activity. The use of DNA testing for herbal extracts is debatable, however we know the DNA technique fails when it comes to finding adulteration with synthetic material. Therefore identification and quantification of radiocarbon in these cases provides an accurate way to detect adulteration.

As the industry gets more serious about quality issues, identifying synthetic versions of herbal products becomes crucial. We call on the trade associations and all companies committed to the future of the industry to work together to discover how widespread this deceptive practice is, and to take action to weed it out.

In Natural Remediesby

Using Holy Basil to Help Support Respiratory Problems & Immunity

 

Ocimum sanctum (holy basil), called Tulsi in India, is ubiquitous in Hindu tradition. Perhaps its role as a healing herb was instrumental in its sacred implication. Ayurvedic practice recommends Tulsi in several formulations to enhance immunity and metabolic functions as well as in the management of respiratory problems1.

A variety of biologically active compounds have been isolated from the leaves including ursolic acid, apigenin and luteolin. Pharmacological studies have validated the myriad healthful properties of Tulsi. Extracts from the plant have been found to reduce stress, modulate immunological functions and alleviate ulcers in experimental animals2. Ursolic acid was found to have anti-allergic properties. When administered to laboratory animals, the compound was found to inhibit mast cell degranulation and histamine release in the presence of allergen3. These studies reveal the potential role of Ocimum sanctum extracts in the management of immunological disorders including allergies and asthma. Recent studies have also revealed the chemopreventive effects of Tulsi extract in animal models. These effects are mediated through enhanced carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme activities and raised glutathione levels, facilitated by the active constituents in the extract, such as ursolic acid4. Researchers have also confirmed the efficacy of Ocimum sanctum extract in lowering elevated blood sugar levels5.
 

Phytochemistry

One of the major biologically active compounds in Ocimum sanctum is the triterpene compound ursolic acid. The structural resemblance of this compound to steroids is believed to be responsible for some of its pharmacological actions3. Ursolic acid is also one of the major constituents of a well known antioxidant herb, rosemary.

 

Ursolic Acid

The leaves of Ocimum sanctum yield an essential oil, which contains several biologically active compounds including eugenol, eugenal, carvacrol, mathychavicol, limatrol, and caryophylline. The essential oil has been known to demonstrate antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Furthermore, a study performed on mice and rats indicated that eugenol and methyleugenol possess adaptogenic (antistress) activity1.

The seeds and mucilage also contain oils with biologically important components. The seed oil contains fatty acids and sitosterol while the mucilage is made up of xylose and polysaccharides1. The fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum was found to possess anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan and other mediator-induced paw edema in rats1a.
 

Clinical Studies

A controlled clinical study validated the role of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) as an adjunct in the management of a critical metabolic disorder in recent times – diabetes.   A randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over single blind trial on 40 human volunteers suffering from Type II diabetes was performed. During the eight week trial, subjects received a daily dose of 2.5 g of Tulsi leaves powder or a placebo for four week periods. The results of the trial showed a 17.6 % reduction in fasting blood glucose and a 7.3% decline in postprandial blood glucose on treatment with Tulsi as compared to the blood glucose levels during treatment with placebo5 (Figure 1).

holy basil

Figure 1: Effect of Ocimum sanctum treatment on blood sugar levels in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes

Another study was conducted on rats and mice to observe the anti stress activity of Ocimum sanctum. To examine this anti stress activity, two groups of 20 mice each were used in a swimming endurance test. One group was treated with 100 mg/kg of Ocimum sanctum extract while the other group served as the control. The mice were allowed to swim in separate tanks. The endpoint was noted when each mouse drowned.   The animals treated with Ocimum sanctum showed a significantly greater physical endurance than the control group (on an average, the treated animals swam for 1080 minutes as compared to the animals from the control group which swam for 385 minutes).

The effect of Ocimum sanctum extract was explored in another study against ulcers induced by cold stress, restraint ulcers, and aspirin administration in rats. Cold stress induced ulcers were produced by tying all four of the rat’s limbs and keeping them in a B.O.D. incubator for 2 hours. Restraint ulcers were created by tying the four legs in a back position. Aspirin-induced ulcers were produced by the injection of 200mg/(kg of body weight) of aspirin. In each case, one group served as a control and the other was given Ocimum sanctum extract (100 mg/kg i.p.). The stomach of each animal was examined for the presence of ulcers.   After the experiment was complete, it was evident that restraint-stress and chemically induced gastric ulcers were absent in Ocimum sanctum. The results of these studies indicate that the administration of Ocimum sanctum produces a nonspecific increased resistance against a variety of stress-induced pathological changes in animals2.

The effects of Ocimum sanctum on immunological functions has also been studied. In a study performed on rats immunized by sheep red blood cells (SRBC), it became apparent that pretreatment of Ocimum sanctum enhanced the production of antibodies, including IgE antibody and anti-SRBC. In addition, the in vitro effect of Ocimum sanctum on antigen-induced histamine release was studied by sensitizing rats to antigen. Ocimum sanctum significantly inhibited antigen induced histamine release from mast cells. Based on these results, the authors concluded on the beneficial effects of Ocimum sanctum on the immune mechanism at various levels, such as on antibody production6.

Experiments also show that Ocimum sanctum possess protective properties against gamma radiation. The water and aqueous ethanol extracts of Ocimum sanctum were given in single doses and multiple doses before a whole body exposure to gamma radiation in mice. It was found that the water extract of the plant was more effective and less toxic than the ethanol extract. Also, an optimum dose of 50 mg/(kg of body weight) of the water extract, at 10 mg/kg of body weight/day for five consecutive days gave the best protection against the effects of radiation7.

In summary, Ocimum sanctum is a safe adjunct to conventional therapy in the management of diabetes and immunological as well as stress-related conditions. Its record of use in Ayurvedic tradition spans several centuries. Studies performed on animal models to date using levels as high as 100 mg/kg of the extract administered intra-peritoneally, did not reveal untoward side effects2. Human diabetic subjects receiving 2.5 g of Ocimum sanctum leaves powder for four weeks also reported no unfavorable side effects5. 

 

References

  1. Selected Medicinal Plants of India:   Chemexcil, 1992, 225-227.
1a. Singh, S. et al. “Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Potential of the Fixed Oil of Ocimum sanctum and Its Mode of Action”. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1996, 54(1), 19-26.
  1. Bhargava, K.P. and Singh, H. “Anti-stress Activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn”. Indian Journal of Medical Research: March, 1981, (73) 443-451.
  2. Rajasekaren, M., et. al. “Mast Cell Protective Activity of Ursolic Acid-A Triterpene from the Leaves of Ociumum Sanctum L. Journal of Drug Development: 1989, 2(3), 179-182.
  3. Banerjee, S., et. al. “Modulatory Influence of Alcoholic Extract of Ocimum Leaves on Carcinogen-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities and Reduced Glutathione Levels in Mouse”. Nutrition and Cancer: 1996, 25(2), 205-217.
  4. Agrawal, P., et. al. “Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Single Blind Trial of Holy Basil Leaves in Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics: Sept. 1996, 34 (9), 406-409.
  5. Bhattacharya, S.K., et. al. “Effect of Ocimum Sanctum Linn. on Humoral Immune Responses”. Indian Journal of Medical Research: April, 1988, (87), 384-386.
  6. Devi, P. Uma and Ganasoundari, A. “Radioprotective Effect of Leaf Extract on Indian Medicinal Plant Ocimum Sanctum”. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology: March, 1995, (33) 205-208.
In Curcumin, Natural Remedies, Turmericby

How This Clinically Tested Ingredient Helps With Inflammation

Curcumin is one of the best ingredients you can use to help fight inflammation.  Curcumin C3 complex, which is manufactured by Sabinsa, is one of the high-quality curcumin manufactured.  Taking a regular dose of curcumin is very healthy for you and can be taken everyday.  It is also a very powerful anti-oxidant.

You can use curcumin for sports nutrition because the muscle fibers break, thus an inflammation.  It can be reduced and the recovery can be faster.

 

In AFI Products, Natural Remediesby

Improving Mental Alertness & Control Depression With A Plant From India

What is Mucuna Pruriens

Mucuna pruriens, from the botanical family Fabaceae, commonly known as velvet bean or cowitch is a plant indigenous to India. Ayurvedic practitioners have used the seeds for centuries, in the management of Parkinson’s disease and nervous debility. The herb has also been used in formulations to control depression and improve mental alertness1. The long record of safe and effective use prompted detailed research into the phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of this plant.

The endocarp of the beans were found to contain about 5% levodopa (L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine, L-DOPA) which is used in conventional medical practice in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease2.

mucuna pruriens

Botanical description

The plant is a slender climbing annual. The flowers are racemes with purplish corolla and the seeds are about 1 cm in diameter, bean shaped and white in color3.

Chemistry

The seeds yield a red viscous oil which contains stearic, palmitic, myristic, arachidic, oleic and linoleic acids and a sterol. The alkaloids mucunine, mucunadine, prurienine and prurienidine are reported to have been isolated from the seeds. Besides a significant amount of L-DOPA (3-5), the seeds have also been found to contain tannins, sitosterol and lecithin3. Suspension cultures of Mucuna pruriens are proven to biotransform L- tyrosine to L-DOPA4. Four indole-3-alkylamines and choline have been isolated from different parts of the plant3. Recent studies revealed that the levodopa content (dry weight) of a whole Mucuna bean is 4.02%, with the majority contained in the endocarp2.

Pharmacological effects

A 12-week study with 60 patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease evaluated the effectiveness of a stable standardized preparation made from the endocarp of M. pruriens beans in the treatment of the disease. An average daily dose of 22.5 grams was gradually increased to 45 grams of the extract per day at the end of 12 weeks. This treatment produced significant reduction in symptoms as determined using Unified parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The authors of this study concluded that the standardized extract of Mucuna pruriens offers an effective low cost approach to the management of Parkinson’s disease. As opposed to synthetic drugs, the combination of phytonutrients in the extract could contribute to its low toxicity and superior efficacy2.

In addition to efficacy in the management of Parkinson’s disease, the seeds were found to reduce cholesterol and blood sugar levels in experimental models5. Mucuna pruriens has been prescribed as an aphrodisiac by Ayurvedic practitioners. A recent study revealed that the herb is useful in improving sexual performance in normal male animal models. A suspension of Mucuna pruriens seed powder in distilled water administered orally once a day for 7 days, at the level of 1 g/kg, to male rats produced significant improvement in sexual performance as compared to control rats receiving distilled water. The authors of this study concluded that the effects on mating behavior and sexual performance in the male rats involved in this study could be partially attributed to the androgenic effect of Mucuna pruriens and partially to the inhibition of hyperexcitation of the regulatory centers by the herb6. Androgenic effects are associated with increased testosterone production. Testosterone is known to play a key role in sperm cell production and immune functions and is often used to increase fertility and recovery. From a sports nutrition point of view, androgenic compounds are particularly promising since increased testosterone levels increase the deposition of protein in the muscles, leading to increased muscle mass and strength7.

In view of the traditional use of the plant as a remedy for snake bites, one group of researchers recently investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens on isolated smooth and skeletal muscle preparations. These studies revealed the capability of the extract to assist in the inhibition of cholinesterase and facilitate acetylcholine accumulation leading to reversal of neurotoxic effects8. The positive effects of Mucuna pruriens extract in improving mental alertness, probably through enhanced neuromuscular transmission.

The combination of mental alertness improvement, L-Dopa production, aphrodisiac properties, cholesterol lowering action and nerve toning effects indicate the potential use of Mucuna pruriens extract in sports nutrition. The extract could be useful in strength building and to provide anabolic effects. The positive effects of the seed extract on neuromuscular transmission could help in honing the reflexes as well as in promoting muscular coordination thereby optimizing athletic performance. In light of these multifaceted effects, Mucuna pruriens extract is a valuable phytonutrient.

 

References

  1. Singh,.R.H., Nath.S.K., Behere.P.B.(1989) Depressive illness-a therapeutic evaluation with herbal drugs. Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Sidha; 1(1): 1-6.
  2. Manyam, B.V. et al. (1995). An Alternative Medicine treatment for Parkinson’s Disease: Results of a Multicenter Clinical Trial. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 1(3): 249-255.
  3. Mucuna pruriens. In Selected Medicinal plants of India, CHEMEXIL, (1992), 215.
  4. Pras, N. et al. (1993) Mucuna pruriens: Improvement of the Biotechnological production of the Anti-parkinson Drug L-dopa by plant Cell Selection. Pharmacy World & Science. 15(6): 263-8
  5. Akhtar, M.S. et al. (1990). Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 40(7): 147-50.
  6. Amin, K.M.Y. et al. (1996). Sexual function improving effect of Mucuna pruriens in sexually normal male rats. Fitoterapia, 67, 53-58.
  7. Bhasin, S. et al. (1996). The effects of supraphysiologic dose of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. New England Journal of Medicine, 335: 1-7
  8. Aguiyi, J.C. et al. (1997) Effects of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on smooth and skeletal muscale preparations. Fitoterapia, 67, 366-370.
In Natural Remediesby

New Patent Issued For Ingredient To Help Support Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A new United States patent was just issued that is associated with IBS, otherwise known as irritable bowel syndrome.  The patent is for a dietary supplement called Lactospore that was invented by the supplement guru Dr. Muhammed Majeed.

From the website Nutracueticals World

“Patent No. US9579352 claims a method for managing the symptoms associated with IBS including abdominal pain, bloating or visible distension of abdomen, constipation and loose stools, by orally administering a formulation comprising Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 (not less than 2 billion spores) as a dietary supplement along with regular treatment. “

LactoSpore ameliorates the symptoms of IBS as seen in a recently published human clinical trial (Majeed et al. Nutrition Journal (2016) 15:21 DOI 10.1186/s12937-016-0140-6). In the study, LactoSpore demonstrated efficacy in relieving clinical symptoms in IBS patients.

In addition to the US patent, Health Canada, the Canadian version of the FDA, is allowing Lactospore to make the claim that Lactospore helps relieve abdominal pain associated with IBS.

If you are looking to use Lactospore it is available to purchase from AFI supplements

In Natural Remediesby

How This Plant Can Help With Sexual Deficiency & Rejuvenation

The History & Background of Tribulus Terrestris

Tribulus terrestris Linn. (Small caltrops, puncture vine) belonging to the natural order Zygophyllaceae, is commonly found in the Indian sub-continent and in Africa. It thrives in well-irrigated black soil, growing at altitudes up to 10,000 feet above sea level. Charaka, the Ayurvedic physician in ancient India, recognized the diuretic and aphrodisiac properties of this plant, and recommended its use in rejuvenative formulations, particularly in the treatment of sexual deficiency. The ancient Greeks used this plant as a diuretic and mild laxative. In south-east Asia, the plant has been used in the treatment of post-partum hemorrhage, epistaxis and gastro-intestinal bleeding1. The fruit and seeds of Tribulus terrestris form a major part of several Ayurvedic formulations prescribed in urinary tract disorders including urolithiasis (urinary stones).

The fruit resembles the cloven hoof of a cow, and the Sanskrit name for the plant, “Gokshura” is derived from this analogy. Recent research in Eastern Europe has confirmed the aphrodisiac properties of this plant. The plant has also been widely used as a diuretic. The diuretic mechanism of action may be through stimulation of the renal blood supply.
 

Chemistry

The extract obtained from the powdered root contains alkaloids (harmine, harmaline, harman and tetrahydroharmine) , resins, nitrates and fixed oils. The alkaloids are believed to be responsible for a slight increase in blood pressure and increase in renal perfusion1, with the consequent diuretic action. The fruit contains a semidrying oil (5%), the enzymes peroxidase and diastase, a glycoside resin, proteins and inorganic matter. Several steroidal sapogenins, steroidal saponins, (such as terrestrosins, dioscin, gracillin, kikuba saponin , protodioscin, neohecogenin glucoside and tribulosin) and three flavonoid glycosides have been isolated from the plant2,3.The saponins are obtained from the defatted plant material by extraction with ethyl alcohol3 and may be responsible for the aphrodisiac properties.

Terrestrosin (R : sugars)

Large quantities of potassium and nitrates are also present1. The litholytic (urinary stone dissolving) properties of the plant have been attributed to the presence of aspartic and glutamic acids1.
 

Pharmacological Action

Preclinical studies:

The diuretic action of the water and alcoholic extracts of the seeds of Tribulus terrestris was studied in albino rats, by comparison of volume of urine collected during a five hour period from the group treated with Tribulus terrestris extract with that collected from a control (untreated) group. A significant diuretic effect was observed in the treated group.

The researchers attributed the diuretic action to the high potassium content of the plant. The aqueous extract of the plant material contained 180 mEq/L potassium. The extract lowered the specific gravity of the urine while the pH of urine increased4.

The fertility and aphrodisiac actions have been studied in rats. The steroidal saponins stimulated spermatogenesis and sexual activity in male rats. In female rats, the compound potentiated estrogens and increased fertility6. One study on boars with the standardized extract, at a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight for ten days, indicates the efficacy of T. terrestris in improving sexual functions of the animals 10.
 

Clinical Uses:

In Ayurveda, the plant has been used in treating genito-urinary troubles, and has been prescribed in treating impotence, urolithiasis, and as a geriatric tonic for centuries. An Ayurvedic preparation containing Tribulus terrestris, has been evaluated for efficacy in the treatment of generalized weakness. Fifty patients complaining of lethargy, fatigue and lack of interest in day to day activities, for periods ranging from two to six months were studied. An overall inprovement (45%) in symptoms of lethargy, fatigue and decreased mental alertness was observed7.

The standardized extract of Tribulus terrestris has been found to have a stimulating effect on the libido8. In one study, tests on healthy men demonstrated that a five day treatment with three tablets of the standardized extract (250 mg each) per day significantly increased the blood levels of testosterone by approximately 30%.10

In another study, a group of men suffering from a range of reproductive disorders (impotence, hypogonadism, infertility) were treated with the standardized extract of T. terrestris, administered in doses ranging from 750-1500 mg per day for thirty to sixty days. The results confirmed previous observations, and the treatment increased testosterone levels and improved libido without producing side effects10. Other positive changes observed in the long term study with a standardized extract of Tribulus terrestris, included reduction in blood cholesterol levels, improved mood and increased self confidence10. The reported increase in testosterone levels may be of particular interest in sports medicine, since testosterone belongs to a group of potent anabolic hormones.

Possible mechanism of action : The authors of the long term study cited above, postulate that T. terrestris probably produces its clinical effect through stimulation of secretion of leutenizing hormone (LH) produced by the pituitary gland in males. In women, follicle stimulating hormone, (FSH, but not LH) and the female hormone, estradiol (but not testosterone) were found to increase when treated with a standardized extract of Tribulus terrestris. According to the authors, T. terrestris may have particular potential in alleviating both the physiological and psychological symptoms accompanying menopause10.
 

Safety:

Clinical studies with the standardized extract of Tribulus terrestris revealed no adverse effects 10. The LD50 in rats, was found to be greater than 10 g per kg body weight. The standardized extract produced no adverse effects in rats fed oral doses of 150 mg per kg body weight per day, administered over an extended period up to 25 months.
 

References

  1. Selected Medicinal plants of India, CHEMEXIL (1992), 323-325.
  2. Mahato, S. et al.(1981) J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2405.
  3. Yan, W. et al. (1996) Phytochemistry, 42(5) 1417-1422.
  4. Santha kumari, G. and Iyer, G.S.N. (1967) Ind. J. Med. Res., 55(7), 714-716.
  5. 5 Anand, R. et al. (1994). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 32, 548-552.
  6. Pramodkumar et al. (1980) J. Sci. Res. Plants Med. 1:9
  7. Jayaram, S.etal. (1993) Indian Drugs, 30(10), 498-500.
  8. Tomova, M. (1987) . Farmatsiya, 37(6), 40-42
  9. Milanov, Maleeva and Taskov (1981), cited in reference 8, page 142.
  10. Wright, J. (1996) Muscle and Fitness, September, 140-142, 224.
In AFI Products, Natural Remediesby

Using Coleus Forskohlii To Help Support Lean Muscle & Reduce Body Fat

Coleus Forskohlii is a unique extract that has shown promising results in enhancing lean body mass.  Lean body mass is constituted by the muscles, vital organs, bone and bone marrow, connective tissue and body water. The percentage of lean body mass to fat not only determines the body’s aesthetic appearance, but more importantly, it is also an index of physical fitness, health status, susceptibility to disease and premature mortality.  The use of a standardized root extract from Coleus forskohlii (Fam. Labiatae) may help to increase lean body mass and optimize body composition1.

Coleus forskohlii, a member of the mint family, is indigenous to Ayurvedic medicine.  This species is a perennial herb with fleshy, fibrous roots that grows wild in the warm sub-tropical temperate areas in India, Burma and Thailand. In India, it is cultivated for use as a condiment.2  In recent years, Coleus forskohlii has gained recognition as the only known plant source of the diterpene, forskolin3. Forskolin is valued as an adenylate cyclase activator.   Adenylate cyclase is the enzyme involved in the production of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP), (a significant biochemical agent in metabolic processes) from the high energy molecule, ATP (Adenosine triphosphate).  Nicknamed in literature as a “second messenger,” cyclic AMP facilitates the action of  “primary messengers” or various hormonal and bioactive substances in the body.  The role of cyclic AMP is indispensable to many body functions. It induces a chain of biochemical events that trigger the metabolic processes and diet induced thermogenesis,4 thereby providing the means to maintain a healthy body composition and lean body mass levels. The root material is the commercial source for forskolin.

Coleus forskohlii cultivation5:

 Careful cultivation of the correct species of Coleus forskohlii plants enables optimizing the quality of root material for forskolin content.

Climatic requirements: C. forskohlii is a species native to subtropical and warm temperate habitats growing at 600-1800 m elevation on sun-exposed hill slopes and plateaus in arid and semi-arid climatic zones.

Soil requirements: The species grows well in loamy or sandy-loam soil with a pH of 6.4 to 7.9.

Herbaceous plant with annual stem and perenniel rootstock. The root material may be tuberous, semi-tuberous or fibrous depending upon the growth conditions.  1-500 g of root material could be obtained from a single plant. The forskolin content of the roots varies from 0.07%-0.58%  of dry matter.

 

Pharmacological effects

Research carried out over the last few decades has revealed the multi-faceted pharmacological effects of forskolin.  Most of these effects have been linked to the role of forskolin as an activator of adenylate cyclase8.   Normally, cAMP is formed when a stimulatory hormone (e.g., epinephrine) binds to a receptor site on the cell membrane and triggers the activation of adenylate cyclase. The receptors in each cell are specific to the activating hormone.  Forskolin appears to bypass the hormone-receptor interactions and activates adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase activation induces a rise in intracellular cAMP levels9.

 

Health benefits of Coleus forskohlii Extract

Based on the pharmacological actions of forskolin, schematically represented in Figure 110, C. forskohlii appears to be well indicated in conditions where a decreased intracellular cAMP level is believed to be a major factor in the development of the disease process.  Such conditions include eczema (atopic dermatitis), asthma, psoriasis, cardiovascular disorders, and hypertension. Recent studies report that forskolin functions through additional mechanisms of action, independent of its ability to directly stimulate adenylate cyclase and cAMP dependent physiological responses, such as the inhibition of a number of membrane transport proteins and channel.  This results in the activation of other cellular enzymes, through signaling across the membranes9.

Spectrum of potential therapeutic activities of forskolin.

Animal model and clinical studies have validated the beneficial role of forskolin in asthma and other allergic disorders11-13.    These conditions are characterized by a relative decrease in cAMP in the bronchial smooth muscle and skin respectively. As a result, mast cells degranulate and smooth muscle cells contract. The ability of forskolin to relax smooth muscle in bronchial asthma is most probably due to its role in increasing cAMP levels. In addition, other anti-allergic activities such as inhibition of histamine release/allergen synthesis are reported14.

The blood pressure lowering effects and platelet aggregation inhibitory action of forskolin are well described in literature. These actions translate to the beneficial role of forskolin in cardiovascular disorders15,16. Topical forskolin was found to significantly reduce intraocular pressure, in both animal model and clinical studies,17,18 indicating potential use in the management of glaucoma.  A recent preliminary study revealed that intracavernosal forskolin in combination with other vasoactive agents is a safe and effective therapeutic approach in the management of vasculogenic impotence which is resistant to standard  pharmacotherapy19. Another preliminary study reported the efficacy of forskolin in the management of psoriasis8.  Yet another preliminary study that explored the possible psychoactive effects of intravenous forskolin in depressed and schizophrenic patients yielded promising results20.

 

Coleus forskohlii in the potentiation of lean body mass:

Epidemiological studies indicate that the impact of body composition on health starts early in life. The association between body mass and mortality in more than 100,000 U.S. women 30 to 55 years of age was evaluated. The lowest mortality rate was observed among women who weighed at least 15 percent less than the U.S. average for women of similar age and among those whose weight had been stable since early adulthood21. In a separate study, it was found that being overweight in adolescence predicted a broad range of adverse health effects that were independent of adult weight after 55 years of follow-up22.

The biochemical mechanism of maintaining or increasing lean body mass is related to the availability of cyclic AMP. By facilitating hormonal action, cyclic AMP may regulate the body’s thermogenic response to food, increase the body’s basic metabolic rate, and increase utilization of body fat (since thermogenesis is preferentially fueled by fatty acids derived from body fat and/or food). These events also correspond to the buildup of lean body mass.

Clinical Studies

ForsLean is Coleus forskohlii  supplement and was tested in an open-field study with a population of six overweight women (BMI greater than 25)23. The tested formula was in the form of two-piece, hard shell capsules; each capsule contained 250 mg of the extract. The overweight, but otherwise healthy women, received the forskolin formula twice daily for eight weeks. Participants were instructed to take one capsule in the morning and one in the evening, half an hour before a meal. Each participant was asked to maintain her previous daily physical exercise and eating habits. In addition, physical activity was monitored based on a questionnaire before and during the trial.

During the eight week trial, the mean values for body weight and fat content significantly decreased, whereas lean body mass was significantly increased as compared to the baseline (Figure 2). The regimen did not adversely affect the systolic/diastolic blood pressure nor the pulse rate. Indeed, a trend towards lower systolic/diastolic pressure was observed during the course of treatment (Figure 3).

Based on the results of this preliminary study, Sabinsa recently obtained a U.S. patent for the weight-loss mechanism of ForsLeanÒ. Sabinsa Corporation was assigned a patent1 for the use of forskolin. The patent describes the use of a composition to promote lean body mass and treat mood disorders.

As mentioned previously, forskolin is known as a compound with versatile biological actions based on its ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP levels. Typically, an increase in cyclic AMP leads to subsequent activation of protein kinase. Protein kinase has been shown to activate the hormone sensitive lipase, involved in the breakdown of triglycerides, known as building blocks of fatty tissue24. The other factor relevant to the weight loss mechanism of forskolin involves its thyroid stimulating action, comparable in strength to thyrotropin or TSH25. The thyroid stimulating action of forskolin may also contribute to the increase in the metabolic rate and thermogenesis.  Forskolin may also be involved in regulating insulin secretion26. Insulin, although well recognized for its metabolism of carbohydrates, is often overlooked as being involved with the metabolization of other macronutrients, i.e. fats and proteins, major contributors to body composition.

 

Dosage

Sabinsa’s preliminary clinical study with ForsLean showed that 25 mg of forskolin twice a day can improve overall body composition by increasing bulk from lean body mass while decreasing bulk due to body fat. Thus, the use of forskolin helps to maintain healthy body composition rather than to induce weight loss. In view of this finding, forskolin could potentially benefit not only overweight people but also those individuals who are actively involved in athletic training /body building and seeking to attain a higher lean body mass to body fat ratio.

 

Safety aspects and Contraindications

Animal model studies conducted on forskolin reported an extremely low order of toxicity for this active compound9,27.  The acute LD50 values for forskolin in the mouse and rat models are (105 mg/kg i.p. & 3,100 mg/kg per oral) and (92 mg/kg i.p. & 2,550 mg/kg per oral), respectively28. Although no major side effects have been reported, C. forskohlii should be avoided by gastric ulcer patients  and low blood pressure cases.  It should be used with caution by those on prescription medications, especially anti-asthmatics and anti-hypertensives since C. forskohlii may potentiate the effects of these prescription drugs27.

Forskolin supplementation thus represents a safe nutritional measure to increase lean body mass and enable maintenance of healthy body composition. In this context, body mass index (BMI), attained by dividing body weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters is a reliable indicator of healthy body composition. The BMI norm is between 18 and 25 kg/m2. A value over 25 puts a person in the overweight category, and values greater than 30 correspond to varying degrees of obesity.

References:

  1. S. Patent #5,804,596, dated September 8, 1998 “Method of preparing forskolin composition from forskolin extract and use of forskolin for promoting lean body mass and treating mood disorders”
  2. Bruneton, Jean. (1995)  Coleus forskohlii in  Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants, Lavoisier publishing Company, 521.
  3. de Souza, N.J. (1991) Coleus forskohlii– The Indian plant source for forskolin. Recent Advances in Medicinal, Aromatic & Spice crops, (ed: S..P. Raychaudhuri.) Today and Tomorrow’s printers and Publishers, New Delhi, India, Vol I: 83-91.
  4. Palou, A. , et al. (1998) The uncoupling protein, thermogenin. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 30(1):7-11.
  5. Shah, V. and Kalakoti, B.S. “Development of Coleus forskohlii as a medicinal crop” Proceedings of the International Conference on Domestication and Commercialization of Non-Timber Forest Products in Agroforestry Systems, hosted by ICRAF, held in Nairobi, Kenya, from 19 to 23 February 1996.
  6. Tandon, J.S. et al. (1977) J. Chem., 15B : 880-883.
  7. B., et al. (1989) Minor diterpenoids of Coleus forskohlii  Phytochemistry, 28(3):859-862.
  8. Ammon, H.P.T. and Muller (1989) Forskolin: from an Ayurvedic Remedy to a Modern Agent Planta Medica. Vol 51, 475-476.
  9. Murray, M.T. (1995) The unique pharmacology of Coleus forskohlii. Health Counselor 7(2): 33-35.
  10. Rupp, R.H. et al. ed. (1985) Forskolin: Its chemical biological and medical potential. Proc of the International Symposium, Hoechst India Ltd, Bombay.
  11. Bauer, K. et al. (1993) Pharmacodynamic effects of inhaled dry powder formulations of fenoterol and colforsin in asthma. Pharmacol. Ther. 53:76-83.
  12. Lichey J et al. (1984) Effect of forskolin on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in extrinsic asthmatics. The Lancet: July 21:167.
  13. Kreutner, W. et al. (1985) Bronchodilator and antiallergy activity of forskolin. J. Pharmacol. 111:1-8.
  14. Marone, G. et al. (1986) Forskolin inhibits release of histamine from human basophils and mast cells. Agents and Actions, 18(1/2): 96-99.
  15. Lindner E, et al. (1978): Positive inotropic and blood pressure lowering activity of a diterpene derivative isolated form Coleus forskohli: forskolin. -Forsch 28:284-9.
  16. Dubey MP, et al. (1981) Hypotensive diterpene form Coleu forskohlii.. J Ethnopharmacology  3:1-13,
  17. Peng, T. et al. (1992) The experimental studies of the effect of forskolin on the lowering of intraocular pressure. Yen Ko Hseu Pao, 8(4):152-155.
  18. Meyer BH, et al. (1987) The effects of forskolin eye drops on intraocular pressure. S Afr Med J 71(9): 570–571.
  19. Mulhall, J.P. et al. (1997) Intracavernosal forskolin: role in management of vasculogenic impotence resistant to standard 3-agent pharmacotherapy. Urol. 158(5):1752-9.
  20. Bersudsky Y et al. (1996) A preliminary study of possible psychoactive effects of intravenous forskolin in depressed and schizophrenic patients. J Neural Transm. 103(12):1463-7
  21. Stevens, J. et al. (1998) The body mass index-mortality relationship in white and African American women. Res., 6(4):268-77.
  22. Must, A. (1996) Morbidity and mortality assoiated with elevated body weight in children and adolescents. J. Clin. Nutr. 63(3 Suppl):445S-4447S.
  23. Research Report, Sabinsa Corporation, 1999.
  24. Allen, D.O. et al. (1986) Relationships between cyclic AMP levels and lipolysis in fat cells after isoproterenol and forskolin stimulation. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 238(2): 659-664.
  25. Haye, B. et al. (1985) Chronic and acute effects of forskolin on isolated thyroid cell metabolism. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 43:41-50.
  26. Yajima H. et al (1999) cAMP enhances insulin secretion by an action on the ATP-sensitive K+ channel-independent pathway of glucose signaling in rat pancreatic islets. Diabetes 48(5):1006-12
  27. American Botanical Council. Coleus Forskohlii HerbClip May 1, 1997.
  28. Agarwal, K.C. and Parks, R.E. (1983) Forskolin: A potential antimetastatic agent. J. Cancer 32: 801-804.
In Natural Remediesby

Ashwagandha Extract “A Most Useful Adaptogenic Remedy “

Dr. John Heinerman, Ph.D., once commented, “As a medical anthropologist, I’ve tramped the jungles, hiked the mountains, crossed the deserts, forded the rivers, and traveled the cities of the world in search of dynamic folk remedies for common health problems. More often than not, I’ve learned, that a common herb with many local uses somewhere may hold the key to something universal for all of mankind.”

Such has been the case with Withania somnifera, a branched, erect shrub indigenous to the drier parts of the Indian sub-continent and Africa (especially South Africa). The leaves are ovate in shape and the flowers greenish or lurid yellow. The green berries turn a light red when mature. The good-sized root yields a bitter, sharp, acrid flavor when tasted.

The plant derives its rather melodic-sounding name ashwagandha from a curious property — it emits an odor similar to that of a sweaty horse. Many wonderful medicinal virtues have been ascribed to it. Ashwagandha is truly a product that has earned the title of “Adaptogen.” Ayurvedic doctors in India frequently employ parts of it in the treatment of external conditions like eczema, psoriasis, scabies and surface ulcers. Various African tribes have taken it internally for upset stomach and different respiratory ailments. The plant still makes a useful lotion or ointment for venereal diseases, open wounds and sores.

Occasionally ashwagandha may be referred to by the common name of Indian ginseng, which is really a misnomer, since this plant belongs to the same family (Solanaceae) as potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, and eggplants. It does, however, exhibit some remarkable activities much the same as true ginseng does.

Research conducted with this plant on different animal models suggests specific benefits to major organs and glands adversely affected by too much stress. Isolated components of ashwagandha strengthen the cerebral cortex, the adrenals, the hypothalamus, the heart and the liver. For people subject to hypoglycemia, chronic fatigue syndrome, herpes simplex, or yeast infection — all energy-draining health problems — this should come as a bit of good news.

Ashwagandha enables biological systems to withstand greater amounts of mental, emotional, and physical stresses. This enhanced ability of endurance is due to the 1.0% alkaloid and 1.5% withanolide contents of the product. A relaxed but still alert state has been reported in those suffering from anxiety neurosis or reactive depression. This is believed to be due to an interaction with some of ashwagandha’s primary components and areas of the brain, the spinal cord, and central nervous system.

Ingested quantities of ashwagandha have varied according to the problems being treated. Thirty patients with anxiety neurosis were given 49 milliliters of ashwagandha in two divided doses for one month. In another instance four, six or nine grams daily of root powder was administered to 46 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for up to a month. In all cases where this wonderful remedy has been taken, no untoward side effects have been noticed. It has proven to be safe but very effective!

Disclaimer

This product overview was written for the sole purpose of giving a brief history along with educational insights into the product listed above. It is not designed, in whole or in part, as advice for self-diagnosis or self-treatment and should not be construed as such.

In Natural Remediesby

Manage Blood Sugar Levels With This Novel Ingredient

Finding novel and natural ingredients to help support blood sugar levels is helpful to manage weight loss and your diet.  One such ingredient is called Banaba Extract.

The insulin-like action of the active principles in the leaves, renders the extract potentially useful in nutritional supplements to support metabolism and healthy blood sugar levels, as well as in weight management formulations.

Manage Blood Sugar Levels With This Novel Ingredient

 The active principle is colosolic acid (corosolic acid)  which is 2a-hydroxyursolic acid. (2a, 3b-Dihydroxy-12-en-28-oic acid). Recent studies revealed that ellagitannins (lagestroemin, flosin B and reginin A) found in the leaf extract, also contribute to enhancing glucose transport2.
 

Quick Of Summary Banaba

  • Colosolic acid was shown to stimulate glucose-transport at 1 mM2
  • Hypoglycemic activity observed on oral administration of banaba extract to rats with alloxan-induced diabetes3
  • Weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and glycated hemoglobin levels were lowered significantly in mice with banaba extract; hepatic lipid levels also decreased 35%4
  • Banaba extract was found to enhance glucose uptake in adipocytes and inhibit preadipocyte differentiation5
  • Clinical studies support the beneficial effects of banaba extract in blood sugar and weight management in Type 2 diabetics6, 7

 

Colosolic acid

Banaba extract  is prepared by hydroalcoholic extraction of banaba leaves, and is standardized to contain 1% colosolic acid.
 

Blood sugar support:

In vitro studies established the beneficial effects of colosolic acid on glucose transport. Insulin is known to increase glucose transporter activity and colosolic acid is reported to have “insulin-like” activity.  Banaba leaf extract is also reported to have antioxidant action, as evidenced by free radical scavenging action and lipid peroxidation inhibition in laboratory studies3.

In an early study, researchers screened various plant extracts for effects on glucose transport activity in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, as these cells are known to contain a glucose transporter. Glucose transport was measured in terms of uptake of 2-deoxy glucose by the cells, (in the presence of various extracts and isolated compounds), as compared to uptake in the presence of inactive control.  Colosolic acid from banaba extract was shown to have significant glucose-transport stimulating activity at a concentration of 1 mM4.  This in vitro study provided mechanistic evidence for hypoglycemic activity observed earlier on oral administration of banaba leaf extract to rats with mild alloxan-induced diabetes5. Administration of 250mg banaba leaf extract/100 g body weight to these animals for two weeks, produced significant hypoglycemic activity as compared to that effected by 20mg/kg body weight of tolbutamide. Hypoglycemic activity was observed even two weeks after discontinuation of banaba extract treatment.

In a later study6, non-insulin dependent diabetic mice were fed a test diet containing either a 5% hot-water extract (HWE) from banaba leaves, or a 3% water eluent of the partial fraction unadsorbed onto HP-20 resin of HWE (HPWE), or 2% of the methanol eluent of the partial fraction adsorbed onto HP-20 resin of it (HPME) for a feeding period of 5 weeks. The elevation of blood plasma glucose level in non-insulin dependent diabetic mice fed the cellulose as control (CEL) diet were significantly inhibited by addition of either HWE or HPME in place of cellulose in the CEL diet. Water intakes were inclined to increase gradually in the group fed either CEL or HPWE, but lower in the mice fed either HWE or HPME than in the animals given either CEL or HPME. The level of serum insulin and the amount of glucose excreted in the urine were also lowered in mice fed HWE. Plasma total cholesterol level was also lowered in mice fed the either HWE or HPME. The authors therefore concluded that the hot water extract, more particularly the water eluent of the fraction unadsorbed on HP-20 resin (colosolic acid rich fraction), obtained from banaba leaves have potentially beneficial effects on control of plasma glucose levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
 

Weight management:

The antiobesity effects of banaba leaf extract was studied in five- week- old female KK-Ay (genetically diabetic) mice, with a tendency to gain body weight.   The mice were fed either a control diet or a diet containing 5% of a hot-water extract from banaba leaves instead of cellulose for 12 weeks. Although neither group showed any changes in food intake during the experiment, body weight gain and adipose tissue weight were lowered significantly in the banaba diet group. No suppression in blood glucose levels was observed in the both groups. However, at the end of the experiment, the glycated hemoglobin levels in the banaba extract–treated group were found to be significantly lowered. The hepatic lipid levels also showed a 35% decrease in the treated group as compared to the control group, with reduced accumulation of triglycerides. The authors of this study concluded that the results suggest that banaba leaf extract has a beneficial effect on obese female KK-Ay mice7.

A subsequent in vitro study investigated the effects of banaba extract on glucose transport and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Banaba extract was found to enhance glucose uptake in adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, similar to insulin.  Banaba extract also inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes  in the presence of insulin and with 3-isobytyl-1-methylxanthine and dexamethasone.  Glucose transporter –4 (GLUT-4) protein and other markers of preadipocyte differentiation were also inhibited by banaba extract. The authors of this study concluded that the unique combination of glucose uptake stimulatory activity, the absence of adipocyte differentiation activity and effective inhibition of induced adipocyte differentiation, suggest that   banaba extract may be useful in blood sugar and weight management support in non-insulin dependent diabetes8.

Clinical studies with branded banaba extracts also support the beneficial role of banaba extract in blood sugar support and weight management in Type II diabetics.  Clinical studies with banaba extracts were first carried out in the Phillippines in the 1940s9.  Subsequently, manufacturers of standardized extracts have performed crossover placebo controlled clinical studies on branded extracts. All these studies support the beneficial effects of banaba extract in  blood sugar and weight management in Type II diabetics.

No toxicity has been reported even at high doses (1g/kg i.p) in mice5  and in the clinical studies performed on branded products10.
 

References:

  1. Quisumbing, F. Medicinal Plants of the Phillipines. Katha Publishing, Quezon City:1978: 640-642.
  2. Hayashi, T. et al. (2002) Ellagitannins from Lagerstroemia speciosa as activators of glucose transport in fat cells. Planta Med. 68(2):173-175.
  3. Unno, T. et al. (1997) Antioxidative activity of water extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves. Biotechnol. Biochem. 61(10): 1772-1774
  4. Murakami, C. et al. (1993) Screening of plant constituents for effect on glucose transport activity in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 41(12):2129-2131.
  5. Mishra, Y. et al. (1990) Hypoglycemic activity of leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L) Pers. Indian J. Pharmacol. 22:174-176.
  6. Kakauda, T. et al. (1996) Hypoglycemic effect of extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves in genetically diabetic KK-AY mice. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 60(2):204-208.
  7. Suzuki, Y. et al. (1999) Antiobesity activity of extracts from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves on female KK-Ay mice. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 45(6):791-795.
  8. Liu, F. et al. (2001) An extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa has insulin-like glucose uptake-stimulatory and adipocyte differentiation inhibitory activities in 3T3-L1 cells. J. Nutr. 131(9):2242-2247.
  9. Garcia, F. (1944) Distribution of insulin-like principle in different plants and its therapeutic application to a few cases of diabetes. J. Sci. 76:3-21.
  10. Ikeda, Y. et al. (1999) Effectiveness and safety of banabamin tablet containing extract from banaba in patients with mild Type II diabetes. Jap .J. Pharm. &Therap. 27:829-835.

 

Summary

  • Colosolic acid was shown to stimulate glucose-transport at 1 mM2
  • Hypoglycemic activity observed on oral administration of banaba extract to rats with alloxan-induced diabetes3
  • Weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and glycated hemoglobin levels were lowered significantly in mice with banaba extract; hepatic lipid levels also decreased 35%4
  • Banaba extract was found to enhance glucose uptake in adipocytes and inhibit preadipocyte differentiation5
  • Clinical studies support the beneficial effects of banaba extract in blood sugar and weight management in Type 2 diabetics6, 7

 

References:

  1. Hayashi, T. et al. (2002) Planta Med. 68(2):173-175.
  2. Murakami, C. et al. (1993) Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 41(12):2129-2131.
  3. Mishra, Y. et al. (1990) Indian J. Pharmacol. 22:174-176.
  4. Suzuki, Y. et al. (1999) Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 45(6):791-795.
  5. Liu, F. et al. (2001) Nutr. 131(9):2242-2247.
  6. Garcia, F. (1944) J. Sci. 76:3-21.
  7. Ikeda, Y. et al. (1999) Jap .J. Pharm. &Therap. 27:829-835.
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Disclaimer

*The information provided on this site is for informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for advice from your healthcare professional or your physician. The product statements have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and these products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. No medical or health claims are made with respect to treatment, prevention, mitigation or remediation of illness, diseases or medical conditions.

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